AI Engineering
RAG, Fine-Tuning, or Better Context: Choosing the Right Fix for a Bad AI Feature
A decision guide for fixing weak AI features by separating knowledge freshness, behavior, context assembly, retrieval, fine-tuning, and evaluation.
Author profile
Badal Singh
Technical author
Badal Singh writes SoftwareCrafting technical guides about web and mobile development, backend security, cloud infrastructure, DevOps, and developer tooling.
On-site identity record
This page consolidates the author name, public profile links, subject coverage, and articles published on SoftwareCrafting.
About Badal Singh
Badal Singh is a named technical author on SoftwareCrafting. His published articles focus on practical software implementation and architecture across frontend, backend, mobile, cloud, and developer workflows.
His SoftwareCrafting work includes guides to Next.js and React, Node.js access control and real-time systems, PostgreSQL-backed authentication, React Native and Flutter applications, Kubernetes and AWS deployment patterns, Git, and command-line tools.
This profile records only the authorship and subject coverage demonstrated by the existing SoftwareCrafting article archive. A public LinkedIn profile is provided for external identity verification.
Published work
Articles by Badal Singh
51 articles currently attributed
- Web Development
Getting Your Product Cited by AI Search: Structure, Schema, and Crawlability
A practical guide to earning product citations in AI search through crawlable pages, clear passages, schema accuracy, internal links, and measurable visibility.
- AI Engineering
Cutting LLM Spend Without Cutting Quality: Routing, Caching, and Token Budgets
A practical LLM cost engineering guide for SaaS teams covering token attribution, model routing, prompt caching, batching, retrieval discipline, budgets, and graceful degradation.
- AI Engineering
Evaluating AI Agents in Production: Traces, Trajectory Evals, and CI Gates
A production evaluation system for AI agents using traces, tool and trajectory checks, calibrated judges, deterministic mocks, CI gates, and failure-driven datasets.
- AI Engineering
pgvector or a Dedicated Vector Database: How to Decide, With Real Thresholds
A practical pgvector versus dedicated vector database decision guide covering filtering, HNSW, IVFFlat, hybrid search, cost, scale thresholds, and migration.
- Mobile Development
Your App Is Stuck on React Native 0.7x: A Staged Upgrade Plan for 2026
A staged React Native upgrade plan for 0.7x applications covering New Architecture readiness, Fabric, TurboModules, Expo alignment, CI, devices, and rollback.
- Security
Adding Passkeys to a B2B SaaS: WebAuthn, Account Recovery, and Enterprise Reality
A production passkey architecture for B2B SaaS covering WebAuthn ceremonies, RP IDs, synced credentials, recovery, enterprise SSO, step-up auth, and rollout telemetry.
- Backend Development
Upgrading to PostgreSQL 18: Async I/O, UUIDv7, and a Zero Surprise Rollout
A production playbook for PostgreSQL 18 covering async I/O, UUIDv7, generated columns, upgrade paths, managed services, benchmark design, and rollback.
- Frontend
React Compiler in Production: What to Delete, What to Keep, and What to Measure
A production guide to React Compiler v1 covering safe adoption, manual memoization audits, lint diagnostics, bailouts, performance measurement, and rollout.
- Web Development
Migrating to Next.js 16: Turbopack, Cache Components, and the Async API Breaks
A production migration runbook for Next.js 16 covering Turbopack, async request APIs, Cache Components, Proxy, build verification, and safe rollback.
- AI Engineering
How to Build an AI SaaS Product: Architecture, Tech Stack, Cost, and Launch Plan
A practical guide to building an AI SaaS product with multi-tenant architecture, model integrations, retrieval, billing, evaluation, security, and a realistic launch plan.
- Security
OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect in Node.js: A Production Authentication Guide
Understand OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect, choose the correct flow, implement secure login in Node.js, and avoid token, redirect, session, and state-management mistakes.
- DevOps
Production Kubernetes: Reliability Patterns to Learn Before You Scale
A detailed Kubernetes production guide covering health probes, resources, graceful shutdown, rollouts, disruption budgets, observability, and recovery drills.
- AI & Machine Learning
RAG Evaluation: How to Measure Retrieval and Answer Quality in Production
A detailed guide to evaluating RAG systems: dataset design, retrieval recall, groundedness, citations, latency, cost, regressions, and production monitoring.
- Backend Development
Secure Multi-Tenant APIs: Isolation, Authorization, and Auditability
A detailed architecture guide for secure multi-tenant APIs covering tenant resolution, database isolation, authorization, cache safety, background jobs, and audit trails.
- DevOps
Terraform AWS Environments: State, Modules, and Safe Promotion Between Stages
A detailed guide to structuring Terraform AWS environments with remote state, modules, IAM, plans, promotion workflows, drift detection, and deletion safety.
- Frontend
TypeScript Strict Mode Migration: A Safe Plan for Large JavaScript Codebases
A detailed, incremental plan for moving a production JavaScript codebase to TypeScript strict mode without freezing feature delivery or hiding errors behind any.
- AI & Machine Learning
AI Engineer Roadmap 2026: From Python Basics to Production AI Systems
Learn the skills behind production AI engineering: Python, data, machine learning, embeddings, RAG, evaluation, deployment, and responsible operations.
- Frontend
Frontend Developer Roadmap 2026: What to Learn and Build Step by Step
A practical frontend developer roadmap for 2026, from web fundamentals and JavaScript to TypeScript, React, testing, accessibility, and deployment.
- Data Engineering
How to Learn Data Engineering: SQL, Pipelines, Warehouses, and Analytics
A project-based data engineering learning path from SQL and data modeling to reliable pipelines, warehouses, testing, and lineage.
- DevOps
How to Learn Docker and Kubernetes: From Your First Container to Production
A practical Docker and Kubernetes learning path covering images, networking, volumes, deployments, services, health checks, and rollout safety.
- Backend Development
How to Learn Python and FastAPI by Building a Real API
Learn Python and FastAPI through a practical API project covering typing, validation, persistence, authentication, testing, and deployment.
- AI & Machine Learning
How to Learn RAG: Build a Retrieval-Augmented Generation Pipeline
Learn retrieval-augmented generation by building a small RAG system with document ingestion, chunking, embeddings, retrieval, citations, and evaluation.
- Web Development
How to Learn React and Next.js in 2026: From Components to Production
A project-first plan for learning React and Next.js: components, state, data fetching, routing, rendering, testing, and deployment.
- DevOps
How to Learn Terraform and AWS Infrastructure as Code
Learn Terraform and AWS through a safe project that covers networking, IAM, state, modules, plans, environments, and drift.
- Frontend
How to Learn TypeScript Step by Step: A Practical Project-Based Plan
Learn TypeScript in the right order with a focused path through types, functions, generics, narrowing, APIs, and React projects.
- Backend Development
How to Secure REST APIs: A Practical Learning Path
Learn API security in the right order: threat modeling, authentication, authorization, validation, rate limiting, secrets, and monitoring.
- Web Development
Next.js Micro Frontends: Multi-Zones, Module Federation, and When to Use Each
Next.js micro frontends can be built with multi-zones, separate apps, or module federation. Learn which architecture fits your team and product.
- Backend Development
What Is a Webhook Endpoint? How It Works, Examples, and Security Checklist
A webhook endpoint is the URL your app exposes to receive event notifications from another system. Learn how it works and how to secure it.
- Backend Development
What Is an ORM in Node.js? Prisma, Sequelize, TypeORM, and When to Use Raw SQL
An ORM maps database tables to application objects. Learn how Node.js ORMs work, when to use Prisma, Sequelize, TypeORM, and when raw SQL is better.
- AI Integration
AI Integration Cost for SaaS Products: Chatbots, Search, Summaries, and Automation
AI integration cost for SaaS depends on workflow fit, UX, prompts, retrieval, backend, evaluation, observability, and human review needs.
- Web Development
How Long Does It Take to Build a Custom Web App? Real Timelines by Scope
Custom web app timelines depend on scope, integrations, product clarity, QA, and launch risk. Use these practical ranges before hiring a team.
- Hiring Developers
How to Choose a Software Development Company in India Without Getting Burned
Choosing a software development company in India requires more than comparing hourly rates. Use this checklist to reduce vendor and delivery risk.
- Hiring Developers
Next.js Development Agency vs Freelancer vs In-House Team: A Practical Buyer Guide
Compare a Next.js development agency, freelancer, and in-house team before choosing how to build your SaaS app, dashboard, or website.
- Delhi / India Software Companies
Software Development Company in Delhi: What Local Buyers Should Check Before Hiring
Hiring a software development company in Delhi? Use this local buyer checklist to compare teams, proof, communication, and project risk.
- Web Development
A Practical Guide to Passwordless Magic Link Authentication in Next.js App Router and PostgreSQL
Learn how to build a secure, dependency-light passwordless magic link authentication system in Next.js App Router using PostgreSQL and standard Node.js crypto.
- DevOps
CLI Tools I Use Daily as a Developer in 2026
Forget the GUI. These 8 CLI tools have permanently replaced bloated alternatives in my daily workflow - from AI-powered coding to supercharged file navigation.
- DevOps
What is Git? A Beginner's Guide to Version Control in 2026
Learn what Git is, the difference between Git and GitHub, and how version control powers modern software development with commits, branches, and merges.
- Mobile Development
A Practical Guide to Implementing Push Notifications in React Native with Firebase (FCM)
Master React Native push notifications with Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM). A step-by-step guide to APNs, Android 13 permissions, and background handlers.
- Backend Development
Implementing Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) from Scratch in Node.js, TypeScript, and PostgreSQL
Move beyond basic JWT authentication and learn how to architect a scalable Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) system using PostgreSQL and TypeScript middleware.
- Web Development
How to Build a Real-Time Dashboard in React and Node.js using Server-Sent Events (SSE)
Learn how to build a real-time dashboard in React and Node.js using Server-Sent Events (SSE). Discover why SSE is a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to WebSockets.
- DevOps
What is Kubernetes? A Beginner’s Guide to Container Orchestration in 2026
Learn the basics of Kubernetes and container orchestration with simple analogies, code examples, and a clear guide on when your business should migrate.
- Web Development
React vs Next.js Explained: Which Should You Choose in 2026?
Understand the core differences between React and Next.js. Learn about Client-Side vs Server-Side rendering in plain English to make the right choice for your project.
- DevOps
Zero-Friction Staging: Architecting Full-Stack Ephemeral Preview Environments with Kubernetes, RDS Clones, and GitHub Actions
Eliminate the shared staging bottleneck by orchestrating automated, isolated per-PR environments on Kubernetes with AWS Aurora fast cloning.
- DevOps
Codifying Your Cloud: Architecting Multi-Environment AWS Deployments with AWS CDK and TypeScript
Transitioning from fragile ClickOps to deterministic Infrastructure as Code using AWS CDK and TypeScript. Learn how to architect, secure, and deploy multi-environment AWS infrastructure to eliminate configuration drift.
- Mobile Development
Architecting Enterprise Flutter Apps: Implementing Feature-First Modularity with Riverpod and Domain-Driven Design
Learn how to build enterprise-grade Flutter apps from scratch using a feature-first architecture, Domain-Driven Design, and Riverpod for scalable state management.
- Mobile Development
Building Resilient Field Apps: Architecting Offline-First Flutter Applications with SQLite Sync and Node.js Conflict Resolution
Learn how to build a robust flutter offline first architecture using SQLite, background sync queues, and Node.js conflict resolution for enterprise field applications.
- DevOps
Bulletproof Microservice Deployments: Implementing GitOps and Automated Canary Rollouts with ArgoCD, AWS EKS, and GitHub Actions
Master zero-downtime deployments on AWS EKS by migrating from fragile push-based CI/CD scripts to a self-healing GitOps architecture using ArgoCD and Argo Rollouts.
- Mobile Development
Eliminating UI Jank in Flutter: Architecting Background Isolates for CPU-Intensive Data Parsing in Financial Apps
Learn how to architect a persistent background Isolate pool in Flutter to handle heavy JSON parsing and WebSocket payloads without dropping UI frames.
- Business/Payments
Preventing Checkout Downtime: Architecting a High-Availability Multi-Gateway Payment Router with Node.js, Stripe, and Razorpay
Learn how to build a high-availability, multi-gateway payment router in Node.js that intelligently falls back between Stripe and Razorpay to eliminate checkout downtime.
- Web Development
Architecting a Multi-Tenant B2B SaaS with Next.js App Router, Custom Domains, and PostgreSQL
Learn how to build a scalable multi-tenant SaaS architecture using Next.js 14 Middleware for custom domain routing and PostgreSQL Row-Level Security (RLS) for strict data isolation.
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