Fixed-scope project
An agreed deliverable at an agreed price, with the supplier carrying scope risk.
Fixed, typically carrying a 15 – 30% risk premium
Strengths
- A known number for a budget conversation, which is sometimes the whole requirement
- The supplier absorbs the cost of underestimating
- Forces genuine scope clarity before work starts, which has value on its own
- Simple to approve through procurement
Limits
- Every change becomes a commercial negotiation rather than a decision
- The supplier is incentivised to interpret scope narrowly
- Quality pressure appears when the estimate turns out to be wrong
- Only honest when the scope was genuinely knowable up front
Best for: Migrations, audits, integrations, and builds with settled requirements
